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Please take only 30 minutes to complete the two sections of the test, and do not use a dictionary or get help from anybody.

The purpose of this test is to give us and you a general idea of your English ability. When you come to Cornerstone, you will take another more comprehensive placement test involving listening, speaking and writing. Good luck!! Please start the clock now.

Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary
In this part you must choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. For questions 1-25, check one letter, A, B, C or D.

1. She ___________ like hockey very much, does she?

   a) don't
   b) doesn't
   c) hasn't
    d) not

2. ___________ ever seen a comet?

   a) Did you
   b) Do you
   c) Have you
    d) Has you

3. Last week, he ___________ to Montreal.

   a) went
   b) go
   c) tripped
    d) goes

4. ___________ people like warm weather more than cold.

   a) Almost
   b) Much
   c) Most
    d) Most of

5. I didn't like the movie; it was ___________ .

   a) bored
   b) tired
   c) boring
    d) tiring

6. They bought their son a bike ___________ a reward for working hard at school.

   a) as
   b) for
   c) in
    d) by

7. I'm sending you a photograph of Carol ___________ you'll recognise her at the airport.

   a) because
   b) since
   c) so that
    d) in order

8. John's father ordered ___________ not to stay out late again.

   a) him
   b) to him
   c) that he
    d) for him

9. It took Michael a long time to find a pair of shoes that ___________ him.

   a) liked
   b) fit
   c) agreed
    d) matched

10. Try to avoid ___________ through the city centre, because of the traffic.

   a) to go
   b) going
   c) from going
    d) of going

11. The best athletes in the world ___________ in the Olympic Games.

   a) compare
   b) compete
   c) conflict
    d) contrast

12. I wish I ___________ to the concert with them, but there are no tickets left.

   a) went
   b) would go
   c) could go
    d) will go

13. She is now taking a more positive ___________ to her studies and should do well.

   a) attitude
   b) behaviour
   c) manner
    d) style

14. What ___________ milkshake do you want- strawberry, chocolate or banana?

   a) taste
   b) kind
   c) flavour
    d) type

15. The argument with the water company completely ___________ our evening.

   a) damaged
   b) harmed
   c) hurt
    d) spoiled

16. You would be a fool not to take ___________ of such a wonderful opportunity!

   a) benefit
   b) advantage
   c) profit
    d) gain

17. When she arrived at the party, Jane discovered she was wearing the same dress ___________ her hostess.

   a) than
   b) with
   c) as
    d) like

18. There's no point ___________ knocking on her door - she's already gone out.

   a) before
   b) for
   c) with
    d) in

19. For the first few minutes she was leading the race, then she began to fall ___________.

   a) out
   b) through
   c) back
    d) off

20. The meeting room was rather cramped and had no ___________ of natural light.

   a) source
   b) origin
   c) supply
    d) root

21. The success of the captain in the individual events ___________ for the poor performance of the athletics team as a whole.

   a) compensated
   b) rewarded
   c) reassured
    d) counteracted

22. When she was a child, she ___________ visit her grandparents every week.

   a) had
   b) tired
   c) used
    d) would

23. Richard has ___________ interest in politics.

   a) small
   b) few
   c) slight
    d) little

24. The performance lasted three hours with ___________ of 15 minutes between part one and part two.

   a) an intermission
   b) a holiday
   c) a stop
    d) an interruption

25. I went to another shop, but they didn't have the book I wanted ___________ .

   a) as well
   b) either
   c) too
    d) neither

Part 2: Reading

Read the passage about psychology, then answer questions 26 to 30 underneath.

Social Influence

Of the many influences on human behaviour, social influences are the most pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we are in each other's physical presence.

In 1898 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock. This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.

Soon after Triplett's experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in an experiment on muscular effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have confirmed this audience effect.

It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the individual's "cognitive" concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly, audience effects are a function of the subject's interpretation of how much he is being evaluated.

Adapted from Ernest R. Hilgard, Richard C. Atkinson, and Rita L. Atkinson, Introduction to Psychology. ©1975 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

26. Which of the following would be an example of the coaction effect?

   a) A woman works harder when her boss is in the room than when she is alone.
   b) Bob's two children finish their homework faster when he is watching them than when he is not.
   c) Players on the team work harder when they exercise together than when they each exercise alone.
    d) Joe and his two friends work more slowly when they are together than when each is alone.

27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

   a) How people grow up determines their adult behavior.
   b) Competition and evaluation increase the coaction and audience effects.
   c) People praise and criticize children as they grow up.
    d) Competition and evaluation are not related to the coaction and audience effects.

28. According to the passage, Triplett's experiment of 1898

   a) supported his theory of coaction effect.
   b) challenged his theory of coaction effect.
   c) showed that cyclists race harder against each other than against the clock.
    d) showed the connection between coaction effect and audience effort.

29. As it is used in the passage, what does the highlighted phrase "comes to mind" mean?

   a) Is a problem
   b) Affects our thinking
   c) Creates confusion
    d) Is an example

30. Where would you most likely find this passage?

   a) In a business letter
   b) In an instructional manual
   c) In a college textbook
    d) In a book review

You are all done. You will be receiving your test result within 24 hours. Once again, this test is to give us and you a general idea of your English ability. When you come to Cornerstone, you will take another more comprehensive placement test involving listening, speaking and writing.

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